The ruling idea

Nell Dunn is a feminist writer and so like many of her kind wrote plays revolving around the livelihoods of women through solitary experiences and as groups. Steaming looks at the relationships of 6 women from different social classes, ages and living in different economic circumstances. However different these 6 women are, they are brought together by the steam baths, a communal place where only females attend. Through this close environment these women are seen gravitating towards each other and communicating openly despite their class distinction and in some cases are brought together by this fascination with the opposing class. Effectively, the barriers of their class division are being brought down by the formation of female companionships. Josie is one of the poorest characters within the play, initially she is very wary of my character Nancy, who is initially seen as her complete opposite as she derives from the upper class and is the wealthiest of all 6 women. However, towards the end of the act they are seen conversing together about men and money and it turns out that they aren't as different as their stereotypes assume them to be. We wanted to take the idea of class barriers and show how each woman, although initially different comes to appreciate these differences to find out how very similar they infact are. The way in which we used staging, set and costume was very important in embedding our ruling idea in the play and using subtle factors within these aspects to present this idea to the audience. * The first way in which we created this was through the design of the set. A simple set of 4 white blocks set in a square formation was used at the central focus to the play and was where the majority of the action occurred. In doing so we were able to create a sense of togetherness in the enclosed space where conversation was accessible to all and left none of the characters out. This achieved a sense of unity among the group but also an understanding of acceptance among characters as each individual had their own â€Å"bed† -as it were- where they could keep their personal belongings and also use the space to rest, where they would not be apart from the rest of the group. Not only this but the colour of the blocks was also significant and symbolic. White creates a sense of purity and seeing as the baths are a place of cleanliness this seemed justified and would probably be found in conventional bathhouse. However, the meaning behind this choice goes deeper. Not only is the colour meant to symbolise cleanliness of a hygienic environment but it also comes to represent purity that cannot be found in the outside world, a place of troubles and grime. * The second way we achieved this was the use of costume. On entering the baths each individual character is wearing their everyday clothes, a symbol of their individual tastes, wealth and class. The costume initially gives the audience an impression of these characteristics and can perhaps makes a judgement on them and in most cases stereotype them for example Mrs Meadows and Dawn are first seen holding cheap plastic carrier bags, slippers and quite tattered looking clothes and myself as Nancy appear in patent black shoes and pearls. These outfits were purposefully chosen due to our group interpretation but also to create this stereotype so as to enable us to enhance our reasoning behind the bathrobes. The bathrobes, like the blocks, are also white, another symbol of purity and also conventional steam room wear. Like the blocks they were used to enable each character to come from the outside world, full of problems and troubles and shed themselves of the clothes their class and wealth restrict them to. Having done so, stereotypes that society creates of them are destroyed and suddenly they all become equal despite these factors. We used the colour white for the beds and the robes in an ironic way as in actual fact, a part of what this colour is meant to represent- purity and cleanliness is far from what these women's lives actually entail. Each women is subject to cases of either domestic violence, mental disorder or divorce, all which would have been shocking to be talked about so openly on stage. * A small factor is the play but also a very significant one, which added to our ruling idea, was the use of the character Bill Bradley. Nell Dunn purposefully wrote this play without a man in it and so the character of Bill is heard shouting from somewhere in the distance, responding to Violets hassles about the corroded pipes! We used this to our advantage and made a point of really shouting at him as if he were a complete nuisance not particularly because of the pipes but because he was a man and this slotted in with the fact that each and every woman at the baths has her grievances about men. From the way Dunn wrote this play it is evident that this was his purpose, to be completely set apart from this group of women who are slowly coming closer and closer to one another.

How Sustainable Is A Wind Energy System Environmental Sciences Essay

A The literary significance of sustainability derived from the Latin word which means maintain or support. However, since 1980, sustainability has been used for environment and development related to environment. With the progress of engineering, human lives become more mechanised and modern. In this modern universe we depend on more in engineering than earlier, so more energy is required for our modernised society. To carry through our demands we burn fuel which we get from the natural reservoir. By firing this natural fuel non merely we destroy our natural resources, but besides we increase the C emanation in the environment. The simple definition â€Å" sustainability is bettering the quality of human life while populating within the transporting capacity of back uping eco-systems † , ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development ) . â€Å" a sustainable planetary society founded on regard for nature, cosmopolitan human rights, economic justness, and a civilization of peace. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earthcharterinaction.org/content/ ) Ethical issueA I choose I chose wind energy systems: is a sustainable and renewable energy which is produced from air current. This sustainable or renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources: air current energy is one of the illustrations of sustainable energy. Wind energy is pollution free, sustainable signifier of energy which can assist us to cut down the traditional dodo based power coevals. Many industrialised states such as US, Canada recognised that air current energy is a lasting, sustainable economic and environmentally friendly, which secured energy monetary value and supply. Wind energy is a green energy which supports long term energy supply to our environment from renewable resources. Wind energy systems Using air current energy system to bring forth power is advantageous in many facets. On the other manus if fossil fuel is used as an energy beginning, it increases the carbon-di- oxide degree in the air and it is dearly-won. Wind energy is pollution free, sustainable signifier of energy which can cut down the traditional dodo fuel energy coevals. If we continue to bring forth the energy by firing the dodo fuel, there will be singular impact and alterations in the environment such as planetary heating, utmost conditions events ( such as inordinate inundation, draught etc ) , and atmospheric instability. Air pollution To bring forth air current energy, there is no demand of any signifier of fuel. Wind turbines are acquiring powered by air current, so wind energy green goodss zero emanation to the environment. Fossil fuel contributes to bring forth acerb rain, smog and every bit good as clime alteration. Harmonizing to western air current energy, â€Å" Using air current to bring forth adequate power for over 200 places ( 2,000,000 kWh ) of electricity alternatively of firing coal will go forth 900,000 kgs of coal in the land and cut down one-year nursery gas emanations by 2,000 metric tons. This is tantamount to taking 417 autos off the route or seting 10,000 trees. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.westernwindenergy.com/s/Environment.asp ) Huge sum of green house gas emanation resulted acid rain which destroyed workss, aquatic environment, edifices etc. the chief causes for acerb rain is inordinate sum of sulphur-nitrogen compounds present in the air. These harmful sulphur-nitrogen compounds produced from mills, emanations from motor vehicles and from electricity coevals. Coal power works is the most unsafe agent of bring forthing green house gas. The green house gas from coal power works can go thousand of kilometers before it produce acerb rain. So it polluted our air non merely the mill environing but besides affect nearby state. There is no uncertainty that production of energy by fossil fuel is harm to our environment and life. Furthermore, during geographic expedition, transit, extraction of resources besides effects the environment. Lay waste toing consequence on Marine ecology and on wild life during transit of oil is already good known to everyone. So, this is the clip to switch to utilize alternate energy beginnings that is wind energy. By utilizing air current energy to bring forth power we can maintain the environment clean for our following coevals. Water From the American Wind Energy Association web site, it is found that little sum of H2O required comparison to coal works. â€Å" A typical coal works consumes about 0.49 gallons ( 1.90 liters ) * and an oil works consumes about 0.43 gallons ( 1.60 liters ) of pure H2O per kilowatt hr produced. Relatively, wind energy requires 0.001 gallons ( 0.004 liters ) * per kWh, this H2O is used to clean the turbine rotor blades when rainfall is deficient to unclutter off dust and insect build-up which would deform the form of the aerofoil and degrade public presentation. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.awea.org/ ) Cost effectual -to green goods air current energy Producing air current energy is besides sustainable for environment and strong economic system. Global heating and contaminated environment impact the economic system in many ways. These are as follows: The US spends more than $ 20 billion a twelvemonth on lung-related unwellnesss associated with debauched air quality due to fossil-based power coevals. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.westernwindenergy.com/s/Environment.asp ) Hurricane, inundation harm 100s of house, destroys many lives. Pollution from fossil fuel destroys many marine lives such as fish, H2O works. Green house gases bit by bit increase the mean temperature in the Earth. It besides altering the conditions form in the universe, as a consequence we have flood, cyclone, and tsunami really often now a twenty-four hours. Childs are enduring lung disease which diseases create from air pollution. Low birth weight, premature birth and infant deceases besides result of smog. Lake H2O besides contaminated by quicksilver, a toxic heavy metal. However, wind power workss besides have some inauspicious consequence to the environment but the effects are much lower than fossil fuel energy.AFact and recommendations Energy is required in every facet from our day-to-day life to industrial intents. We should travel to utilize air current energy to bring forth power which is more sustainable. We need to believe about this alternate energy resources to carry through our demands while continuing the environments to maintain the environment clean for our future coevalss. Fig 1: adapted from wikipedia ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development ) Following are the recommendation to diminish the environmental pollution and move to utilize green energy that is wind energy: Production of energy utilizing renewable beginnings that is wind energy which led to cut down the green house gas emanation to the environment. Increase the environmental and ethical consciousness of the people to switch to green power. Environmental consciousness can be done by advertise the inauspicious consequence of dodo fuel energy. Mutuality regulations are required to maintain the environment clean. Government of different developed states need to hold to bring forth green energy by utilizing air current energy system. Merely few states now a twenty-four hours bring forth energy from wind energy systems. As green house gas can go few 100s of stat mis, it can impact many life every bit good destroy the ecological rhythm. Finally, its clip to travel air current energy system to bring forth power for the industrialised universe. Decision The chief intent to utilize weave energy system is to maintain clean our environment for the following coevals. The concluding end of utilizing air current energy is the manner to bring forth energy in a sustainable manner. Using air current energy to bring forth power non merely sustainable for the environment but besides economically feasible. Our nonsubjective, at this clip, is to impel the company into a outstanding market place. In this century, around the universe terrible emphasis is noticed in every sector either economic or environmental. Increase in Population is besides a large issue of this emphasis. Energy ingestion additions quickly with the addition of population. Peoples are non taken attention of their environment at good. To carry through the energy demand we destroy our environment but we besides destruct our life and sustainability of environment and economic system in this universe. Now is the clip to take attention of our life and environment by utilizing alternate air current energy systems to bring forth energy and power for our day-to-day life and for our industrialised society.

Managerial Personality Essay

The characteristics of a person’s personality determine his leadership capabilities. Leaders from around the world all have distinct characteristics which define their leadership style and abilities. In a corporate culture, these personality traits can be capitalized upon to direct an organization towards its goals and to do so requires an in depth understanding of the different styles of personality traits that define every individual. A grasp on this knowledge would allow any leader to have a huge impact on the culture and performance of an organization. An observation to be made is the leveraging of personality traits may be utilized in order to achieve corporate goals. To create a competitive advantage, management’s focus must be on cooperation and inspiration. A clear link exists between culture and performance, as shown by Mindy L. Hall (Hall, 2005.) A leader’s personality shapes the environment in which employees function, and can either inspire extraordinary results, or devastating outcomes. Hostile conditions in the workplace will cause anxiety, stress, lack of energy, disengagement, or high turnover. Subsequently, organizations with these issues experience a lower quality of output. This negatively affects the relationship between consumers and businesses, who may find the competition more appealing. A positive engagement between management and employees excite a higher level of performance. From this, a company experiences higher quality output and satisfied customers. A best way to manage a company doesn’t exist; it must be studied, understood, and honed to best match or shape the organization’s culture. The key issue to choosing the appropriate manager in any organization is appreciating what goals and desires are sought after. This report is focused primarily on management as leaders and employees as subordinates. However, it must be understood that subordinates can also play the role as leader in their own context, and it should be encouraged. For example, a group of four employees are assigned to a project. Among this group will emerge a leader who directs the mission to accomplish said assignment. Although this individual does not possess a management title he or she is still leading. That being stated, an organization must possess a deep understanding of its business culture, and employ these concepts when prospecting for competent employees and management. Furthermore, management can recognize certain personality traits among individuals in a team, and manipulate and combine them in a synergetic way. In general, the comprehension of the various personality traits can be used as a measurement of how an individual may respond and perform in an organization’s culture. However, there is much debate as to the extent to which personality can predict behavior, and the extent to which behavior arises from the dynamics of a given situation (Kendrick, Funder, 1991.) The key issues in a corporate context include the big five personality traits, Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, attitude, and emotional intelligence. The Big Five Personality Traits General agreement exists among researchers regarding the big five personality traits. This model categorizes personalities into five distinct categories: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. An understanding of these categories often referred to as OCEAN, gives insight to an individual’s underlying personality and how an individual would react in day to day operations of an organization. However, research has shown situational factors play a role in how individuals move between the two extremes of each personality factor. Each factor is a range of two extremes, which most individuals lie somewhere in between. Given this fact, the majority of decisions made by people are representative of their fundamental personality traits. Only when abnormal or extreme situations arise does an individual shift towards the extreme of either end on one or more factors. Managers seeking to create a winning team would do well to not only understand his own personality type, but also individual team member’s personality types. Intimate knowledge of each person among a group will allow for a more harmonious and efficient team effectively utilizing strengths and mitigating weaknesses. Attitude Attitudes of managers and employees contribute greatly to the working environment. An attitude is a collection of beliefs and feelings brought on by life experiences or learned from others, and a positive or negative analysis of one’s environment. Similar attitudes of a leader and a team can create a positive working environment that flows all the way down to the end consumer. Leaders of an organization who commit to reinforcing positive attitudes contribute to a successful business model. Individuals who are satisfied with the work environment make their duties a part of life, and commit skills and knowledge to drive progress of a business. A study conducted by MBA’s and one professor from India, (Tandon, Mishra, Singh, 2011,) explored the relationship between attitude and how an organization perceives its position in society. The study begins by stating that business behavior has both economic and relational impact. Over recent decades there have been significant changes in the social expectation from business and managers. This study found that one’s personal beliefs, values, and attitude drive commitment to social responsibility. In this writing social responsibility can be thought of as organizational commitment or responsibility. The study took a specific look into how spirituality, materialism, relativism, and idealism discriminate between high and low corporate social responsibility (CSR).The study conducted found idealism and spirituality to have a positive influence on CSR, and materialism and relativism had a negative or less of an influence. This implies that managers with more of a concern towards society’s beliefs and values, and less towards material things, will have a greater concern towards creating a positive internal working environment. Moreover, a manager with this attitude may push subordinates towards the same ideals, which create a more efficient environment. In contrast, materialistic and relativistic attitudes contributed negatively towards CSR. This suggests that individuals with these attitude types can create an environment where monetary gain and possession of assets are the only goal, and right and wrong is near irrelevant. This mentality can have a devastating effect on society’s perception of a corporation. Moreover, the connection between working peers can be non-existent, and coordination would lack causing inefficiency. A manager’s attitude can bring about the benefits of a positive working environment by keeping a positive attitude towards a given position in an organization. An attitude based on working towards an end goal, which produces the greatest good for society and a corporation, would be an ideal mentality for any organization. Attitudes contribute to a successful business model because individuals who are satisfied make their duties a part of life, and commit their skills and knowledge to driving the progress and success of the business. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a theory of human motivation based on increasing levels of needs. This theory suggests that human needs are fulfilled one at a time by accomplishing basic needs and proceeding upwards towards advanced needs. Although there is much debate as to the accuracy of these levels research has suggested a correlation between the fulfillment of these needs and happiness. Managers with an understanding of what level individuals in a team are on can manipulate motivation techniques to stimulate productivity and efficiency. Maslow’s hierarchy can be applied to compensation, job design, management techniques, or anything that requires a higher level of motivation. Maslow’s hierarchy is a systematic way of thinking about the different needs employees have at any given point and explains different reactions they may have to similar treatment (Carpenter, Bauer, Erdogan, 2009.) The definition provided implies that each individual perceives needs differently, and managerial techniques in this context must be applied more specifically. For example, two employees receive a raise after a massive project was finished. The first employee is satisfied with the raise because her safety, and subsequently her physiological, needs had been fulfilled. The second employee felt his needs had not been satisfied. His goal in finishing the project was to prove his worthiness as a manager. His intention through his hard work was to climb the corporate ladder. He was looking to fulfill his esteem and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are satisfied through compensation, since a paycheck allows individuals to find nourishment, shelter, etc. Compensation can satisfy more than one need, however. Safety needs can be satisfied through benefits such as 401K, health plans, or paid time off. In many ways, compensation satisfies both physiological and safety needs. In addition, organizations must take in consideration the physical safety of employees. Managers have a duty to enforce safety precautions where working conditions may be hazardous. When a position requires employees to take physical risk an organization is expected to protect workers from unnecessary harm, and to compensate for the higher risk. When feelings of anxiety are low safety needs have been fulfilled. Social needs can be met through satisfactory social interaction with others in which there is interaction. The goal in satisfying this need is to cause individuals to feel accepted and loved. In a business context there must be a focus on acceptance over love. Creating a friendly environment is a great start to satisfying this need. Company sponsored games, events, holiday parties, and other social activities are great examples of how to socialize a staff. Also, team meetings where the staff can voice their concerns or ideas can allow team members to better understand each other. Esteem needs can be satisfied after one feels she has been accepted into a group. These needs can be fulfilled through recognition. It must be stressed that individuals enjoy being praised for their accomplishments, but praise only works for a limited amount of time. Managers must look to promote individuals with a high need for esteem. A raise in position and pay communicates an achieved status, and reinforces her ability to achieve corporate goals. Esteem needs lead into self-actualization. This need lies on the top of the hierarchical pyramid. Similar to fulfilling esteem needs, self- actualization can be met by giving an employee more responsibility, greater challenges, or more stimulating opportunities. Self-actualization is characterized by an individual having met all previous needs, and is now using his or her full potential and capabilities. Maslow’s hierarchy is important for organizations to apply. Humans are motivated by particular needs according to their current life situations and future goals. Furthermore, individual needs are in accordance with cultural backgrounds such as race, religion, or country of origin. It must also be noted that individuals are not always striving to fulfill the same needs. The needs model must be applied on an individual basis. Managers who realize their needs are being fulfilled can be used as a resource for understanding their subordinates needs, and act accordingly. When an organization applies this model to a workforce there is an increase in job satisfaction and loyalty. Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence is the ability to control extreme changes in mood and emotions, and is a characteristic of an effective and competent leader. When a manager cannot control temporary emotions that are brought on by day to day interactions it can bring an entire organizations progress to a halt. Emotions are contagious and create a domino effect. Simply realizing when a certain emotion is present allows one to better handle temporary emotional fluctuations, while containing it as to not affect others. That being said, it is of utmost importance for a manager to possess a deep understanding of his or her own emotions (self-awareness), and how to deal with each. An individual who is self-aware is humble enough to accept constructive criticism and mature enough to address the areas of concern. The impact of hiring individuals with high emotional intelligence is high productivity and retention of high-quality employees. Golnaz Sadri, PhD, defines E.I. as the ability to accurately perceive emotions, access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth, (Sadri, 2012.) The ability to accurately perceive emotions allows one to recognize facial and bodily gestures, and interpret their meaning. A manager who has this ability can intercept other’s cues, or tells, that signal irritability. This skill is recognized as constructive when dealing with scenarios such as a team who can’t come to an agreement, a irate client or customer, or when negotiating. For the most part, emotional intelligence is a learned skill, and an indicator of useful experience. Conclusion Manipulating strong personality traits and striving to improve negative personality traits can have a huge impact on a manager’s career, and more broadly can impact a corporation in tremendous ways. Today manager’s has access to information to help them maximize team productivity using psychology. Using psychological strategies to hire the right employees and build teams is the competitive edge companies need in this tough economic climate. REFERENCES Camgoz, S., Karan, M., & Ergeneli, A. (2011). Part II Leadership, Social Capital, and Personality: Relationship Between The Big Five Personality and The Financial Performance of Fund Managers. 15, p139 Carpenter, M., Bauer, T., & Erdogan, B. (2009). Need-Based Theory of Motivation. In Principles Of Management (10th ed., p14.1) Hall, M. (2005). Shaping Organizational Culture: A Practitioner’s Perspective. 2(1), p1-16 Kendrick, D. T., & Funder , D. C. (1991). Situation versus Personality Debate. Retrieved from http://wilderdom.com/personality/L6-3SituationVsPersonality.html McCrae, R., & Costa, P. (1995). Domains and Facets: Hierarchal Personality Assessment Using The Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(1), p23 Pannapacker, W. (2012, April 15). Screening Out The Introverts. The Chronicle. Sadri, G. (2012). Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Development. 41(3), p536 Tandon, A., Mishra, S., & Singh, E. (2011). What Discriminates The Prospective Manager’s Attitude Towards Corporate Social Responsibility? 10(3), p54-60 Whitbourne , S. K. (2010, October 19). The Neuroticism Paradox | Psychology Today.Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201010/the-neuroticis m-paradox Witt, L.A., & Andrews, M.C. (2006). The Predisposition to Engage in Interpersonal Deviance at Work. pHR-F2

The Imaginary Indian and the Noble Savage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Imaginary Indian and the Noble Savage - Essay Example ..collecting and displaying "Indian" objects and†¦"Indians" as objects or human specimens, constructing pseudo-Indians in literature...dominating or colonizing First Nations people†¦salvaging...material fragments of a supposedly dying native culture...† (p. 267). She notes that many modern Native Americans wanted to be â€Å"white† or at least not different, even as Native Americans are considered exotic. The â€Å"imaginary Indian†, then, is the mythological construct of the Native American (and, to an extent, aboriginal peoples in general) by people in the West who seek out what they want in this definition: Constructing the savage as violent and warlike if the goal is conquest, as shamanic and in touch with nature when Western anxieties over their own relationship to nature and God is being threatened or challenged. But the definition itself requires reference to other concepts, like â€Å"postmodernism†, or a challenge to unrestrained narrativ es of progress created by modernity; â€Å"fine arts institution†, itself an abstract concept based on cultural definitions of â€Å"fine art† dominated by social elites; â€Å"colonization†, or the intellectual and physical process of domination of other societies; and â€Å"hegemony†, or discursive dominance by established groups.

A New HR Strategy for CCD Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A New HR Strategy for CCD Construction - Essay Example CCDC is a construction company that was formed in 2007 after the merger of two construction companies. After the merger the company made many changes in the human resource policy. Around 3,000 employees were laid off in 4 years and the company tried to flatten its organizational structure. CCDC was formed by the merger of two firms. One of those firms catered to small clients and other catered to large clients. This main difference had repercussions on the human resource management policies of the company. The current HR policy of the company focuses on flattening of structures and constant feedbacks from employees. The policy is also aiming for employee training and coaching style management. All these strategies cannot go well for the company because they contradict the organization and business strategy. In this report a new HR policy is suggested to the top management of the company. The HR strategy will include the organizational structure and culture, reward management system, job design and employee relation. The new HR strategy will be discussed keeping in mind the aims and objectives of the business of CCDC. Human Resource Strategy for CCDC When devising a human resource strategy it is important to keep in mind the dynamics of the company. Employees of CCDC were previously working for a different company and therefore they had a different understanding of company’s policy. The new HR strategy should be focused on giving the employees a proper direction. The organizational culture of the two companies (which were merged to form CCDC) was also not similar. This must be tackled in the new HR strategy for the company. The structure of the company should also fit the business operations of the company and the same is true for organizational culture. It is also important to motivate employees through different types of rewards. Employee relation is also essential in operating a construction company as big as CCDC. Organizational Structure and Culture Organizational structure of CCDC should be vertical so that employees can report to their superiors in a proper and orderly fashion. The current HR policy of the company i s aiming for a flatter organizational structure. This is not good for a company like CCDC because it is a huge organization. Flatter structures are also appropriate for small organization or they are applicable in innovation oriented businesses. Construction business is all about controlling employees so that they can complete the work that is assigned to them. For this purpose a tall organizational structure should be used. The company should also form a team based structure at the project level. Evidence suggests that team based struct

Business extra credit questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business extra credit questions - Essay Example Therefore, the salesperson at Outdoor Outfitters should have been aware that Neal was 12 years old, and as such could not participate in any formal decision-making. The purchaser of the pair of the ski was negligent. Even after being reminded to practice before purchasing his equipment, he proceeded against the salesperson’s advice. If only had he listened to the advice given to him by the seller’s agent, then he would not have suffered those injuries as a result of the accident. Moreover, if he had practiced before purchasing the pair of ski, then he would not have had the accident to begin with. Every retailer has an obligation to ensure that their consumers are protected. Protection involves giving information relating to a product. Additionally, the seller should ensure that the person to whom the products is being sold is in a position to make wise decisions relating to the use of the product. Therefore, every seller has a duty of care to ensure consumer protection. Though the salesperson informed the 12-year-old that he had to practice first before using the pair of ski, he had a duty of ensuring that Neal did not gain access to the equipment. As such, he could have demanded that the child return with an older person with whom he could engage in a contract. However, he did not do this, and he proceeded to sell the pair of the ski to the minor. In every business transaction, there is always an invitation to trade. This involves the seller inviting the potential buyers to come to the table so as to negotiate the sale of a particular instrument. However, this does not entail that the potential buyer has an obligation to purchase the item in question. The buyer usually has two options in this scenario; either, to accept the offer or reject it. In signing a contract, both parties involved should be in their right state of mind. This involves ensuring that the parties meet the age

Statistical Data Analysis and findings of a survey (the survey is part Statistics Project

Statistical Data Analysis and findings of a survey (the survey is part of an action research to investigate teacher training practices in Qatar) - Statistics Project Example A needs analysis survey in the first stage has been employed to collect data about issues in language teaching INSET in Qatar. It is important to emphasize that the use of this survey is for the purpose of needs analysis and is not based on any predetermined hypotheses. Using a survey in an early stage of my research project was intended to maximize the number of perspectives (Denscombe 1998: 169), and due to the versatile nature of surveys. Surveys can tap into attitudes that respondents are not completely aware of, and increase the consistency and reliability of the results through reducing the bias of interviewer effects (DÃ ¶rnyei & Taguchi 2010:6). The survey was administered online through a survey website (Surveymonkey.com). Online surveys are increasingly popular for data collection and preferred over traditional mail surveys in many ways (Pan 2010:121-122). They provide a lower cost option (Sheehan 1999:47), convenience in answering the survey (Evans & Mathur 2005:198) and respondents are also more likely to respond to sensitive and private questions (Ritter et al. 2004). The survey consisted of 70 items distributed under 7 categories in addition to a final open-ended question for respondents’ final comments. The table below shows the distribution of the survey items. The design of the survey was based on my initial literature review of the study and guided by the main aim of the survey which is to provide directions for the intervention design. As discussed in the first panel report, for INSET programs to be successful, teachers’ voice should be heard and taken into consideration (Locke 2006). As a result, most of the items of the survey are intended to capture teachers’ voice and concerns. Items 4-40 elicit data on preferences of delivery methods, training themes and assessment tools. Items 41-66 seek to

The Use of Historical Method Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Use of Historical Method - Term Paper Example Some historians are also interested in asking how and so what. Various questions in history are hard to answer because: 1) sources do not fully describe what happened, or do not honestly explain why they did something; 2) sources sometimes use â€Å"couched† or â€Å"diplomatic† words to express themselves; 3) history is a complex combination of numerous factors, such as culture, morality, beliefs, et al., that affect language and ways of communicating and understanding each other; 4) definitions are not universally agreed upon; and 5) subjects change throughout time. Proper historical writing seeks out facts. In reality, however, facts can be presented with biases, because historians themselves have different viewpoints on what happened and why/how they happened. Proper historical writing should also differentiate facts from assertions. If historians want to talk about interpretations or arguments, they must be clear about this intention in their writings. History shou ld not be about what they think happened, but what truly happened. In the absence of facts, historians offer conjectures and theories about history. Some fields of science accuse social science as a â€Å"phony science,† because it is open to researcher bias and methodological weaknesses. Social science research, however, can respond to these weaknesses and reduce writer bias and methodological flaws, thereby improving the validity of their methods, findings, and conclusions. The problems of social science research are: researcher bias, bad data set, logical fallacies, relativism and normative definitions, level of certainty and variations, credibility of sources, misleading statistics, misinterpretation of facts, conspiracy theories, and other research problems that concern language. Like other research, their analysis and conclusions can also be prone to fallacies in reasoning. Some of the common problems with writing are: 1) not knowing who your audience is, and so the lan guage and writing style do not fit their level of knowledge and expectations, 2) using biased language that alienate or discriminate other groups, 3) not using the right punctuation marks, and 4) not proofreading. Proofreading is essential because it catches and corrects typographical, grammatical, spelling, and usage errors. Student should maximize existing writing centers. These centers can help them make their thesis, outline, and first draft. The advantages of primary source are that writers can interpret the primary sources for themselves, instead of relying on the interpretations of others, and primary sources gather data firsthand, thereby reducing bias from having someone interpret it. Secondary sources are helpful in gathering background or historical information about a topic, and in expanding understanding on events or subjects, by exposing the readers to different perspectives, interpretations, and conclusions. Secondary sources also already synthesize or combine studies and facts, thereby reducing time needed to read them all. What historians add or not add to â€Å"history† impact their narration of â€Å"facts.† It is interesting how world history books, for instance, include or do not include certain events, people, and conjectures. This may be due to the need of condensing material, but this can also be linked to what the writers and publishers think as important and unimportant. Sometimes, I read history and ask, how about the women? What

Brain Rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brain Rules - Essay Example Therefore, the question posed by the researchers was that is the sedentary population turns out to be active. Will their cognitive scores rise? In this case, the answer given is a yes; the reason given is that exercise is aerobic. They further describe that executive functions had to improve after 4 months; memory scores also had to improve(Medina John, 2010)..There are two reasons given on why exercise improves cognition and it includes the following: Firstly, oxygen flow to the brain is increased as a result of exercise. This reduces the brain bound radicals. One of the fascinating results for previous decades is that oxygen increase is usually accompanied by an uptick in mental sharpness. Secondly, the brain’s molecular machinery is acted upon by exercise directly. It improves the neuron’s survival, creation as well as resistance to stress and damageThe information provided is very useful because exercise has been indicated to be very important in terms of boosting b rain power. It has also been reflected that having enough rest can be critical because it can make someone productive. In this regard, if I put the information into action, then my learning power could be improved. Oxygen flow to the brain is increased as a result of exercise. This reduces the brain bound radicals. In regard to this finding, it can be seen that exercise is good for the health and when exercise is taken into consideration practically. Another advantage reflected is that exercise influences executive function positively.

Citizen Kane ,the mise-en-scene and cinematography Essay

Citizen Kane ,the mise-en-scene and cinematography - Essay Example It is an anomaly though, that, though the film was nominated for 9 Oscar categories, it only won in one. (Jackson & Merlock, 2006) The only plausible rationale for this discrepancy between its legendary status and lack of formal recognition by the Academy is that the film was way ahead of its time. The film pioneered and engendered so many facets of the filmmaking process that it took several years for members of the Academy to warm up to its accomplishments. This essay will focus on the cinematography of the film and highlight how it contributes to and enhances the overall cinematic excellence. The opening sequence of the film shows the funeral of the iconic American media baron Charles Foster Kane in his isolated residence in the monumental Xanadu. What follows is a10 minute obituary in the form of a newsreel that encompasses all the key moments in the life of the great man. Beginning with his childhood in the rural American wilderness, the newsreel traces how much wealth and power Kane was able to acquire during his peak. This newsreel sequence is one of the most original and brilliant in the history of cinema. The serious yet authoritative voice of the newsreel narrator ebb and flow in-tune with the events of Charles Kane’s life. The intonation, irony and subtle humour of this voiceover is executed to perfection. Matching this aural perfection is the visuals, which are some of the best montages ever assembled. The pace of the montage arrangement is brisk and the shots are short and crisp. The sequencing of these shots adheres to a musical rhythm, which is again in tune with the rhythmic oration in the voiceover. What is striking about this montage is its visual display of power – either political or economic. The shots of elephants and horses airlifted to the private zoo in Xanadu are forever etched in the mind. It is difficult to lose the symbolism of power in air-lifting one of the biggest mammals in the planet. Likewise, the bird’s e ye view of the sprawling Xanadu is a visual illustration of Kane’s wealth. When the voiceover narrates how politically influential Kane was, his image is embedded into a standard German propaganda shot of Hitler waving to a crowd. This is one of the earlier implementation of morphing and overlapping two discrete visuals into one shot. In the context of the film, not only was it humorous but also serves to illustrate the kind of political influence that Charles Kane wielded in his pomp. One of the most referenced scenes in the movie, illustrating Welles' and cinematographer Gregg Toland's use of deep-focus photography is the one about the childhood of young Charles Foster Kane. So much has been its impact that, â€Å"After Citizen Kane Deep focus photography became widespread, especially in the so-called film noir films of the following decade. Welles' audaciously effective idea of combining miniatures with full scale settings in sweeping camera moves harkens back to 1930's T he Bat Whispers, photographed by Ray June, ASC for Roland West. The Kane visuals also have much in common with those of Mad Love (1935). It is evident that Toland originated some of the ideas that Welles utilized so perfectly, and that Walker and Dunn also influenced Welles. The collaboration of unit art director Perry Ferguson was even stronger than is usual between director, cinematographer and designer. Ferguson worked closely throughout with Welles in

How to Care for a Dog Essay Example for Free

How to Care for a Dog Essay †¢Dog-Naming Tips Naming your pooch is a joyful task, but one youll want to put some thought into ahead of time. Both you and your dog will have to live with the name you choose for your entire time together. There are many ways to come up with appropriate dog names, including appearance, heritage, special characteristics, and behavior. We cover them all in this section. We will also tell you about some dog names and dog-naming mistakes you will definitely want to avoid. †¢Dog Supplies Think of how many personal items you have, and how many of them are indispensable to your health and happiness. Dogs require fewer accessories than us humans, but theirs are no less vital, and by selecting the proper items, you can improve your poochs health in ever regard. If youve ever ventured inside a pet store, you know how confusing it can be just picking out a collar or leash. We will cover all the basics like food and grooming accessories, as well as specialty items like a carrier. †¢Dog Feeding Nothing is more vital to the health of your dog than proper feeding. Dogs are eager eaters, and this is part of their charm. But it also means that you need to be well informed about what is will give a dog good health and energy and what could be bad for her, despite her willingness to try it out. Here are all the details, including several make-it-at-home recipes for delicious, nutritious and economical dog food. (We also answer the eternal question, Why do dogs eat plants?) †¢Puppy-Training Tips A new puppy can really melt your heart, but they can also be a handful. The sooner your pooch is accustomed to doing his business outdoors and on schedule, the better for all of you. Interestingly, this is made easier when correlated to the feeding schedule. There is more to training your puppy than housebreaking, however. You must also know the correct way to humanely discipline your new dog when he misbehaves. All the details of this crucial stage in your dogs lif e are in this section. †¢Dog-Grooming and Bathing Tips Dogs can get messy, and they dont naturally keep themselves quite as clean as wed like them to be as co-habitants in our homes. As the owner, proper grooming on bathing is your responsibility. But there is more to caring for your dog than simple bathing. You must also care for your dogs nails, teeth, eyes and ears. So in this section we cover key strategies for keeping your pooch clean and everyone happy. Well even tell you when its time to throw in the towel and seek the aid of a professional groomer. †¢Dog-Proofing Your Home Dog-proofing your home can be just as challenging as proofing your home for a child or for allergies. For instance, do you know which types of houseplants can be poisonous for dogs? You might also be surprised to learn that some of your favorite treats can really upset your dogs stomach. For everyones health and happiness, its vital to make your house safe for your dog and to train the pooch to respect the home, as well. In this section, we give indispensable advice for forging a good relationship between your pet and your residence. †¢Dog-Proofing Your Yard Most dogs spend at least a little time in the yard, but this congenial place poses its own challenges and dangers. First, you will need the right type of fence to keep your dog from roaming the neighborhood where he could possibly get injured or hurt others. We will examine the option of invisible fences and the so-called shock collars. Also, everyone needs a place to call home, and that includes your dog. Well tell you how to design and build the perfect doghouse. Learn how to keep both your dog and your yard safe and happy. †¢Dog-Identification Tips Nothing else matters when your dog is lost. Taking a few simple steps when she first comes home can save everyone heartache later. The right tag can get your dog back home where he belongs in a matter of hours. Here we discuss the best methods of providing identification for your dog. We will also discuss some identification options that you may not have heard of. Did you know that some pet owners tattoo their dogs with vital identification information? How about microchip implants? Regardless of the method you choose, we will also tell you how to register your dogs identification. Before you can really get to know yourdog, you have to give him or her a name. Move on to the first section for some tips on christening your new friend.

Energy Drinks Market Essay Example for Free

Energy Drinks Market Essay Introduction The objectives of this report are to identify how the Energy Drink market is segmented according to demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral variables. The Energy Drink industry which is dominated by Red Bull and V energy drinks is worth 151 million dollars and is growing by 47% per year. Energy drinks is the fastest growing category in the soft drink market. I have chosen three different companies in this report to analysis which segments they target, Powerade, Red Bull and Coca Cola. Red Bull is the market leader in energy drinks and Coca Cola which is very good at mass marketing has fallen behind and needs to adopt new and exciting marketing techniques to appeal to the younger demographic. I have also selected three different sub-brands to explain how the product is positioned. I have chosen Powerade Energy Edge, Red Bull Sugar Free and Coca Cola’s new carbonated green tea drink Enviga. Demographic Demographic segmentation consists of certain variables such as age, gender, income, ethnic background and family life cycle. Energy drinks are targeted to the 20-34 age brackets. Energy drinks target generation y and generation x by using modern labels and exciting ads with dance music, and extreme sports. The older generations such a baby boomer would be more inclined to stick with coffee for a quick pick me up. There is more emphasis on marketing to males but lately there has been an increased interest in marketing to females by producing low calorie, low sugar energy drinks. Income of the consumer is not an important characteristic because of the low price of energy drinks. Geographic Geographic segmentation describes segmenting markets by part of the world, region of the country, market density, market size or climate. Energy drinks practice geographic segmentation by advertising higher in more fast paced, high density urban areas rather than sleep country town. This has to do with the hectic lifestyles most people live that work in high density, big cities. Another contributing factor is the higher population. Also energy drinks would geographic segment a product in countries or regions with higher temperatures because energy drinks are best drunk cold so in colder climates people would tend to purchase a hot drink such as a coffee for a caffeine induced energy burst. Psychographic Psychographic segmentation refers to market segmentation on the basis of socioeconomic status, values, attitudes and lifestyle groupings. Social class does not matter when it comes to energy drinks because any one can purchase a can from the local shop or petrol station at a reasonably cheap price. People’s interest in energy drinks is sometimes affected by their lifestyle. For example people who work long hours, work hard, don’t sleep enough will be more inclined to purchase energy drinks because of the practicality and energy buzz afterwards. And now even energy drinks are targeting people who try to live a healthy lifestyle by promoting their products as low calorie, low sugar and claim they increase your metabolism. Behavioral variables Behavioral segmentation allows companies to group customers and buyers into segments according to the benefits they seek from the product. Occasion status is when customers can be grouped according to the occasion when they get the idea to purchase an energy drink. Energy drinks are often consumed before work and any other part of the day when an individual is feeling tired, but energy drink companies are now promoting the beverage as a good pre exercise drink for an increased physical performance. Benefits sought are an effective way of identifying buyers according to the benefits they seek from energy drinks. The main benefit segments for energy drinks are, taste, economic, health and the energy burst. Some people might prefer to purchase a product that claims to give more of an energy burst then another product, even if the taste is less desirable. Some products that are produced and marketed to have fewer calories and less sugar might be purchased instead of a product that is high in sugar even though it is more expensive. Red Bull/ Powerade/ Coca Cola Red Bull Red Bull targets generation y. High School and university students trying to cope with study. Also red bull mainly targets male with its original product, On the Red bull website there is two whole sections that specialize in extreme sports and motorsports. This shows that Red bull targets males in generation Y and also in generation X. Red Bull sponsor extreme sporting events such as air racing. Also Red Bull targets segments of the population that have little time and often need a refreshing drink that gives them energy. Red Bull also caters for the health conscience individual and females by producing a low sugar energy drink. This drink which is called Red Bull sugar free comes in a light blue can that would target the female population. Red Bull also target long distance driver, this can be seen when you walk into any petrol station by the size and amount of advertising. Powerade. Powerade have four different kinds of products, they have Powerade Energy Edge, which is designed for pre-sports, Powerade Isotonic which is best for during sports or any time during the day, Powerade Recovery which is formulated for after sports because of the protein contained in the beverage. Powerade also make a powder that can be made into a Powerade sports drink after water is added. This powder targets the money conscience individual that would rather make it in bulk to save. It also targets sporting clubs and larger groups who can make a big batch for a team or group of some sort. The logo on each of the three drinks also gives the customer hints to what it’s designed for. Powerade energy has a picture of a athlete about to race, Powerade isotonic has a picture of an athlete during a race and Powerade recovery has a picture of an athlete finishing his race. Powerade mainly target generation y and generation x. The company does not target a specific gender but markets to health conscience people and athletes. This is shown by their advertising and sponsoring of sporting associations, and clubs such as the AFL, The Wallabies, and The Perth Wildcats. Powerade also sponsor world class athletes. Powerade are different from other energy drinks because they do not market so much that the consumer will get a quick burst of energy through caffeine but more of a healthier, burst of energy through high carbohydrate drinks. This is more suited to athletes rather than your average tired person. Powerade also take a much more scientific approach compared to the other energy drinks on the market by claiming to have tested their products on athletes. Coca Cola. Coca Cola is spending a lot of money on marketing a couple new energy drinks to try and break into the massive industry of energy drinks which has long been dominated by Red Bull and V. Coca Cola has emphasized on targeting the young healthy demographic. The first of its products is Mother, an all natural juice based energy drink, which claims to contain a potent Amazonian berry , acai. Another new product by Coca Cola is Enviga, this carbonated green tea beverage claims to burn calories after drinking. Coca Cola have produced two drinks to market to two different segments of the population, Mother which has been marketed to young males and Enviga which is made to appeal to young women. Mother Energy drink is positioned to target young males, an example of this is the logo on the front of the can resembles a tattoo. Products/ Sub-brands Powerade Energy Edge Powerade energy edge is specially formulated to provide fast and effective hydration for pre-sports and they claim it has been scientifically proven. The products attribute which are ingredients that contain caffeine, electrolytes, and B-vitamins position the product to appeal to athletes. It is positioned to be used whenever a person need fast and effect hydration or more predominantly before sports. Its benefits claim to be enhanced physical performance. Powerade’s main competitor Gatorade does not produce a drink specifically designed for pre-sports because of the added caffeine. Red Bull Sugar Free Red Bull Sugar Free is positioned to target young adults and largely women because of the advertised low calorie low sugar attributes of the product. The can of the sugar free variety is different from the standard Red Bull as it comes in an aqua blue can, this would suggest that the product is positioned to be more attractive to females. The benefits of this product are claimed to be increased performance, reaction and speed; improves emotional status, increased metabolism and low calories. Coca Cola’s Enviga Coca Cola’s Enviga is a carbonated green tea beverage that claims to increase your metabolism and burn calories because of the presence of green tea and caffeine. The main attributes of this product are green tea and its low calories (five per can). They claim the amount of green tea in their can is higher than most other green tea drink and they list the benefits of green tea as rich in antioxidants, support cardio-vascular health, help your body fight free radicals and helps your body burn more calories. These attributes position this product to aim at young women who want to be healthy and even the health conscience male. The usage occasions for Enviga are anytime throughout the day but they recommend having three cans a day for maximum calorie burning. The drinks come in three flavours natural green tea, berry and pomegranate, and each can has bright colours on the front which further suggests the drink is positioned for women. Reference 1. Kotler, P. , S. Adam, L. Brown, and G Armstrong. 2006. Principles of Marketing. NSW: Pearson Education Australia. 2. Red Bull. 2008. http://www. redbull. com (accessed September 1, 2008). 3. Powerade. 2008. http://www. powerade. com. au (accessed September 1, 2008). 4. Enviga. 2008. http://www. enviga. com (accessed September 1, 2008). 5. Coca Cola. 2008. http://www. coca-cola. com (accessed September 1, 2008).

Effect of Work Life Conflict on Social Workers vs Teachers

Effect of Work Life Conflict on Social Workers vs Teachers Family name: Mokone First name: Khotso Research Problem According to Gambles et al, (2006), work home life balance is said to be conceptualised by properly prioritising career and social lifestyles. In the United Kingdom, the term work life balance was first introduced during the late 1970s as a way of describing someones balance of lifestyles between work and home or social life. The perception of work life balance has recently become more popular on a global scale due to several of causes. Even though at times, family and work are sometimes viewed as separate domains, whereby an employees role alternates between a family;[1] and an employee, the significance of knowing how the impact of work carries over outside of employee time to ones social life outside of work is important. Tanvi and Fatima, (2012) suggest that the idea of trying to maintain a balance between work and social time is a result of this idea which is gaining global prominence especially in the current economic climatic conditions where staff turnover is low in most work places. It is in this context that employees are trying to find a balance in service delivery that yields good results whilst avoiding burnout which then leads to either ill health or neglect of familial duties. According to Cowan Hoffman, (2007) the issue of work-life balance has in recent years, become a major global area of research. Marisalo (2008 concurs by stating that it is important for employers in this current fiscal climate to get the best work out their employees hence the necessity for employees and employers alike to learn the appropriate work life balance as this will yield positive outcomes for employers in the long run (in Gronewold and Wenzel, 2009) . My aim in wishing to conduct research in this area of work home life balance emanates from my personal experiences of home life conflict experienced during eight year period as a primary school teacher and children and families social worker in conjunction with views raised my former colleagues at the time. In addition, I am married to a currently practising secondary mathematics teacher who appears to work all hours of the day during the week, weekends and holidays. I realised that whilst there is a lot of available literature from many discussions and research already carried out over the years, most of the literature is generic and there is not adequate research literature addressing issues faced mainly by social workers and teachers. In addition, most of the research has been carried out by researchers who have not been physically involved in these fields and therefore at times there is a lack of trust as to what happens to the research material, regardless of being informed and assured that there is confidentiality and data protection applies. Most workers are not really able to air their views openly as most of the research has been in the form of face to face interviews which may bring about barriers when it comes to freely sharing personal information. It is therefore my hope that due to the topic being a little sensitive in times of the current economic climate, everyone wants to hold on to their jobs and therefore will probably not say anything to jeopardise that; especially for social workers who work with very sensitive and emotionally draining societal issues. I feel that I will be able to produce beneficial findings that correspond with how professionals from these careers really feel about the impact of work on their work-social life balance. In addition, this research will give me an opportunity to reflect on the effects my husbands and my own career has impacted our home lives. The outcome of the research will also be beneficial to former colleagues and hopefully future colleagues as I hope to get reliable feedback and recommendations made accessible to interested parties of how the impact of work home life balance, if any, can be overcome. I hope that the feedback will give insights into how others deal with any impact or conflict. It is also my view that results will not only be beneficial to the employees but to employers as well which will then help find ways to further support their employees to find a work life balance that hopefully leads to a happy workforce that produces exceptional outcomes. Research Question, Aims and Objectives Best, (2012) argues that the foundation of research as a whole emanates from having a good and understandable research question that will enable a researcher to find answers. According to McNeill and Chapman, (2005), there is a necessity for a researcher to set out a clear and concisely formulated research question as this will evidently show what the researchers intent is and whether there is a viable reason why the research is being undertaken. Therefore, the proposed research seeks to investigate and establish the effect of work family life conflict on social workers in comparison to teachers, both newly qualified and experienced with at least two or more years post qualification inorder to determine whether there is a difference in the experience due to the length of time one has worked. This question will help me respond to the following: (i) Since work home life balance has become an increasingly popular term, why is it that many employees still not sure how to go about achievi ng this; (ii) What are the reasons why most employees lack confidence to approach their employees or line managers to negotiate flexible working hours or take time in lieu. (iii) The consequences (if any) of asking for flexible working; and whether there is an impact to service provision if employees work from home, take time off, or work flexible working hours. It is common knowledge nowadays that social services and education are experiencing staff shortages, hence most employees would rather struggle and get on with their work rather than lose their jobs. The impact work is having on families is changing over time. Literature Review A literature review is defined by Fink, (1998:37) as a systematic, explicit and reproducible method for identifying evaluating and interpreting the existing body of work produced by researchers (in Best, 2012:40). Therefore it is important for a researcher to review literature that is already available as this gives a theoretical basis for the research and helps show that a researcher is knowledgeable in their field of research. In addition, it makes the researcher aware what knew knowledge they are adding to the existing pool of knowledge that is already available. White, (2009:7) states that research should not take place in a vacuum and therefore it is imperative for a researcher to know how their study fits into a broader picture, in terms of previous empirical work, theoretical ideas, and recent policy and practice, as research that is conducted without considering these contexts risks being repetitive, irrelevant or of little value. Therefore, empirical work that is already ava ilable becomes a valuable source of ideas and also guides the researcher on what is already available and known about the said topic. Bernhardt et al, (2003) state that the 21st century workplace has been confronted by various economic and staff turnover challenges. Dresser Hatton, (2003) concur by further suggesting that inorder to succeed against the encountered challenges, employers will need to find solutions that will be in the best interest of both employees and the employer. Lowe, (2007) indicates that most employees are experiencing imbalanced work home life issues and therefore suffer guilt of not properly caring for their families and lack of general social life. Lowe also states that in most families, both parents now have to work so as to make ends meet leaving no time for any family social life. On the hand, employers expectance of performance has gone up whilst workloads have increased over the years. School teachers are finding themselves with larger classes, no teaching assistants to support for the less able pupils (Reference) Social workers on the other hand are also face similar issues; low staf f turnovers due to Local Authorities failing to recruit more staff, staff absences due to ill health and high caseloads which can sometimes be extremely demanding and difficult (Voydanoff, 2005). Theoretical Frameworks Issues surrounding work life balance of social workers and teachers are worsened by staff shortages in both fields. Both professions are labour intensive areas where staff work long and at times unsocial hours which has an impact mainly on home life. Therefore, the theoretical framework has to look at the research questions inorder to understand the theory behind the problem. Sampling Strategy and Rationale Sampling by definition, is a method with which a researcher comes out with a particular or certain number out of a given larger group. Sampling enables the researcher to identify a small number of respondents who are almost likely sure to likely represent the larger group. In this case, the researcher will use convenience sampling so that the sample is a group of social workers who work or live within the researchers reach. Because the sample will be responding electronically, results from this group of sample is likely to produce truthful and reliable responses as it was their own choice to respond without any coercion (McNeill and Chapman, 2005). However, the sample still stands a chance of having flaws if respondents answer the questionnaires and surveys for the sake of it. Research Methodology and Methods Inorder to begin attempting to answer the proposed research question, it is paramount for the researcher to decide on the methodological approach and methods that will support her in fully responding to the question at hand (McNeill and Chapman, 2005). In order to efficiently and effectively source and collect relevant and useful data the use of qualitative and quantitative information gathering fact sheets will be used in the form of questionnaires and surveys. This will be done both manually by dropping off questionnaires in unaddressed envelopes and online surveys according to the respondents choice. Robson, (2011) states that the base of a qualitative research is upon the interpretation of a given social situation and then making sense of it. This study will use a qualitative approach in order to gather empirical evidence that allows respondents to elaborate on their feelings about their work home life. A Qualitative Research is said to be primarily exploratory research used to g ain an in-depth understanding of the respondents underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations in the responses they give (RCA, 2017)[2]. In addition, qualitative research provides an insight into the problem being researched. According to Hiles et al. (2013), qualitative study designs allow experiences to be described in full detail. Therefore, using qualitative research will enable both social workers and teachers alike to clearly respond to what impact work home balance is having or not having in their lives; including how and what they feel their employers and policy makers ought to change or support them with so as achieve and have the best of both worlds without comprising on their obligations at work and their social lives. Additionally, qualitative research helps in providing insights the problem so that ideas for potential quantitative research. With this said, a quantitative analysis will used to obtain figures can be quantified so that percentages of how employees feel ca n be analysed and also used to compare the degree of the impact faced by both professions. Therefore, a short survey will be included within the research to gather data which will be used for the quantitative analysis. The survey questionnaires will go hand in hand with the qualitative research questions hence this will be some sort of mixed methods research. For the qualitative data, questionnaires with at least five questions will be given. Ethical Issues Best, (2012) states that a good research is valid, reliable, and gives the reader an honest account of events or issues under investigation (2012:19). Therefore, it imperative that all research practice shows an awareness of ethical issues hence the necessity to follow the code of ethics. On the hand, Lynoe et al, (1999) suggests that any badly designed research is by definition unethical. Grant and Sugarman, (2004) state there is substantial misperceptions regarding the ethical appropriateness of using incentives in research with human subjects. However they further state that previous work on determining whether incentives are unethical as they may be considered as a form of undue influence or coercive offer upon respondents. They argue that the ethical issue of undue influence is understandable however, not coercion, instead this should be considered as corruption of judgment. However, this study will be done anonymously, by using an unnamed envelope and online questionnaire there fore there will be no coercion from researcher. The reasons for the research will be clearly explained to the respondents and any clarifications required will be done through the respondents choice of communication system. Data protection and confidentiality issues will also be clearly explained to the respondents so as to avoid any mistrust between the researcher and the researcher as this is paramount for the sake of this study. On the other hand, the researcher has been both a teacher and social worker and therefore the recommendations may emanate from personal feelings rather than from the general feeling of respondents and therefore report maybe biased. The researcher is aware that to do so will be unethical therefore will endeavour to remove the self from the study so as to understand the raised issues in their entirety. In addition, the researcher has worked with some of the respondents; therefore there is a chance that the researcher may be able to identify some of the respondents from the responses. However, the researcher will ensure that all responses from the research are kept confidential as by not doing so, the researcher will be breeching the Data Protection Act 1998 and the confidentiality that is a prerequisite for any research with human subject. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS The proposed study, like many other studies, has its own limitations. Due to sampling amongst my former colleagues, both in social care and in education, some may not feel comfortable responding to the questionnaires therefore I may end up with an insufficient number or respondents. Financial limitations also may be realised due to the study being self-funded. Essex is a massive County however, the researcher will only mange to work with offices that are convenient to her location which will leave only a few offices that may be accessible to the researcher if necessary. Since respondents are mainly professionals, the researcher hopes that there will be no need for any financial incentives however, if the responding quota is enough, as a thank you, the researcher may have to buy those respondents who do not mind about their anonymity drinks for having taken their limited time from their busy schedules to respond to the surveys. The major limitation of the study is that the study will be confined with a few offices and schools in Essex due limited resources and time constraints. Since there are chances that the research sample may not be large enough, the research will not be relevant to a large part of the UK[3], however, it satisfy the overall research objective. In conclusion, the researcher hopes that there will be enough respondents as the research responses will hopefully benefit a lot of people within the two chosen professions. The study will be presented in a well organised, structured formatting and appropriate language will be used throughout the report and respondents s opinions will be respected and none of the responses will be tampered with of which to do would be extremely unethical. Findings from respondents will be clearly shown within the study however as previously mentioned, these will be anonymised for confidentiality and data protection purposes. The ethics code of social science research will be adhered to inorder to ensure the validity of the study. Responses from the surveys will be clearly tabulated and labelled for clarity for those who would like to read through the outcomes of the study. 2379 words. References Best, S. (2012) Understanding and doing successful research: Data collection and analysis for the social sciences. Harlow: Longman. Brannen, J. (2005) Mixed Methods Research: A discussion paper: [Available online at: http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/89/1/MethodsReviewPaperNCRMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 005.pdf. Accessed: 27 December 2017. Boswell, W. R.; Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2007). The Use of Communication Technologies After Hours: The Role of Work Attitudes and Work-Life Conflict. Journal of Management. 33 (4): 592. Crompton, R, Lyonette, C. 2006. Work-Life Balance in Europe. Acta Sociologica 49(4):379-393 Edwards, J. R., Rothbard, N. P. (2005). Work and family stress and well-being: An  Integrative model of person-environment fit within and between the work and family  domains. In E. E. Kossek and S. J. Lambert (Eds.), Work and life integration:  Organizational, cultural, and individual perspectives (pp. 211-242). Mahwah, New  Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Greenhaus, J. H., Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources and conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88. Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Scharlach, A. E. (2001). Families and work:  New directions in the twenty-first century. New York: Oxford University Press. Friedman, S. D., and Greenhaus, J. H. (2000). Work and familyallies or enemies: What  happens when business professionals confront life choices. New York: Oxford  University Press. Gambles, R., Lewis, S., Rapoport, R. (2006). The myth of work-life balance: The  challenge of our time for men, women, and societies. England: John Wiley Sons. Googins, B. K. (1991). Work/family conflicts: Private livespublic responses. New  York: Auburn House. Hein, C. (2005). Reconciling work and family responsibilities: Practical ideas from  global experience. Geneva: International Labour Office. McNeill, P., Chapman, S. and Mcneill, P. (2005) Research methods: Textbook. 3rd edn. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Milliken, F. J., Dunn-Jensen, L. M. (2005). The changing time demands of  managerial and professional work: Implications for managing the work-life boundary.  New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Perrone, K. M., Aegisdottir, S., Webb, L. K., Blalock, R. H. (2006, March). Commitment, conflict, coping, and satisfaction. Journal of Career Development, 32(3), 286-300. Reich, R. B. (2001). The lure of hard work. In The future of success (pp. 54-63). New  York: Alfred A. Knopf. Stebbins, L. F. (2001). Work and family in america: A reference handbook. Santa  Barbara, CA: ABC CLIO. Voydanoff, P. (2005,). Work demands and work-to-family and family-to- work conflict:  Direct and indirect relationships. Journal of Family Issues, 26(6), 707-726. Wharton, A. S., Blair-Loy, M. (2006, March). Long work hours and family life: A  cross-national study of employees concerns. Journal of Family Issues, 27(3), 415-436. Walliman, N.S.R. (2010) Research methods: The basics. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. White, P. (2008) Developing research questions: A guide for students, researchers and practitioners. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Williams, J. (2000). Unbending gender: Why family and work conflict and what to do about it. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Williams, J. Boushey, H. (2010). The three faces of work-family conflict the poor, the professionals, and the missing middle center. Center for American Progress, Hastings College of the Law. [1] Husband/Wife; Children [2] Qualitative Research Consultants Association [3] United Kingdom

The Character of John in The Yellow Wallpaper -- The Yellow Wallpaper E

The Character of John in The Yellow Wallpaper  Ã‚         John's fascination with observing his wife can be attributed to a physician's distorted interest in the body. We can certainly speculate that, as physicians at the turn of the century were beginning to explore the female body assisted by "developments" in gynecology, John may have been equally interested in these new techniques of viewing the female body. More so than ever, the patient and her body became subject to the physician's privilege to intimately observe and diagnose her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ostensibly, the narrator's illness is not physiological, but mental. John concludes that his wife is well except for a "temporary nervous depression--a slight hysterical tendency," a diagnosis that is confirmed by the narrator's own physician-brother (Gilman 10). John's profession, and moreover his diagnosis, is a license to closely observe, scrutinize, watch, gaze upon, seek out, and investigate his wife and her ailments, which consequently permits him to deploy seemingly inexhaustible (medical, scientific) means for (re)formulating and (re)presenting the hysteric female--not only for the purpose of giving her discursive representation, but in order to "de-mystify" her mystery and reassure himself that she is, finally, calculable, harmless, and non-threatening. To speak of John in psychoanalytic terms, his preoccupation with his wife, her body, and her confinement, reveals unspoken anxieties: the fear of castration and the "lack" the female body represents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are, as Mulvey explains, two ways a man can potentially escape castration anxiety. One is a voyeuristic route in which the man is concerned with re-enacting the "original trauma." Here the man is concerned with asc... ...ican Fiction. 17 (1989): 193-201. Haney-Peritz, Janice. "Monumental Feminism and Literature's Ancestral House: Another Look at 'The Yellow Wallpaper'" Women's Studies. 12 (1986): 113-128. Kasmer, Lisa. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper': A Symptomatic Reading." Literature and Psychology. 36, (1990): 1-15. Jordanova, Ludmilla. Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the 18th and 20th Centuries. London: Harrester Wheatsheaf, 1989. Mulvey, Laura. "Pandora: Topographies of the Mask and Curiosity." Sexuality and Space. Ed. Beatriz Colomina. Princeton: Princeton Papers on Architecture, 1992. 53-71. ------. "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." Screen. 16 (1975): 6-18. Wigley, Mark. "Untitled: The Housing of Pleasure." Sexuality and Space. Ed. Beatriz Colomina. Princeton Papers on Architecture, 1992. 327-389.

Death Comes for the Archbishop :: Death Comes for the Archbishop

Death Comes for the Archbishop: A Narrative or a Novel? Is it a narrative or a novel? Few questions have caused me this much trouble. It became apparent to me that Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop would not be an easy piece of literature to classify. Within just a few pages, it became apparent that this piece of literature is more than either category will allow. While reading the pages of this story I get the feeling that I am not reading a novel, rather it is a series of short stories. I understand why the critics claim that this is not a novel. While the chapters in each section seem to be connected, the sections themselves tend to be disconnected from each other. Each one is able to stand on its own. It is not until I step back and reflect upon the novel that I can see the ties that bind the different sections together. This is not a story about Archbishop Jean Marie Latour, in the end I still do not know him. Rather, Willa Cather uses him as a vessel to display the world around him. It is through him that I learn about the people and places of New Mexico. It is through his eyes the beautiful landscape of the desert comes to life. I can see and smell the land in which he travels. I hear through his ears the legends that make the history of the land so important. It is apparent to me that this is not a novel about an individual person, but about a place. The land and people of New Mexico are the storytellers. It is through them that this series of short stories are joined together into a novel. It is the story of these events that make up the narrative. There is no way to simply classify Death Comes for the Archbishop. It is a novel, a narrative, and a series of short stories. It is simply, what you make of it. Death Comes to the Archbishop could be asserted as something other than a novel. I believe that the stereotypical novel is more structured and rigid in refinement than Cather's example. I see that a strong plot cannot be identified and that the journal approach seems to be misleading. There really is not an antagonist, so in counterpart, there is no protagonist.

The Future Of Cloning Essay -- Science Genetics Essays

The Future Of Cloning On July 5, 1996, a sheep named Dolly was born, having been cloned from an adult sheep cell. This event brought with it a swirl of controversy regarding the implications of cloning. Just days after the event, Bill Clinton banned all federal funding for human cloning research in order to analyze the legal and ethical ramifications of human cloning. Cloning of both humans and animals has amazing potential in research and medicine, but there are drawbacks. There are many ethical, philosophical, and religious objections to cloning, especially the cloning of humans. In this paper I hope to convince you that both human and animal cloning are veins of research that are worth pursuing and that only some divisions of human cloning should have restrictions placed on them. Animal cloning has many potential applications. According to The National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC), "Some of the immediate goals of this research are: to generate groups of genetically identical animals for research purposes to rapidly propagate desirable animals stocks to improve the efficiency of generating and propagating transgenic livestock to produce targeted genetic alterations in domestic animals to pursue basic knowledge about cell differentiation" (p. 24). Cloning sets of animals that are genetically identical would be beneficial to research scientists because it would eliminate differences in results due to genetic differences in the test subjects. Livestock owners could benefit from genetically identical copies of specimens containing traits the owner found desirable. Cows and pigs that produce larger quantities of useable meat and dairy cattle that produce larger amounts of milk are some examples. Some h... ...ake it's course. I placed this reference page here because Alec was accurate in his work. However, the formatting, as I have said before, gets messed up when I transfer data to html pages. Sometimes I can work it out, sometimes I can't, so if you see something contrary to your Handbook, it wasn't Alec's mistake. References Cloning Special Report [10 paragraphs]. New Scientist [online serial], 158.2129.Available http://newscientist.com/nsplus/insight/clone/faq.html Nash, Madeline J. (1998, February 9). The Case For Cloning [10 paragraphs]. Time.com [online serial], 151.5. Available http;//www.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/1998/ ........dom/980209/science.the_case_for_clo26.html National Bioethics Advisory Commission. (1997, June). Cloning Human Beings: Report And Recommendations Of The National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Rockville, Maryland

James Randolf in China Essay

I. Overview The case focuses on James Randolf, a first-time expatriate manager from Controls Inc. He is sent abroad to help establish a joint venture (VC) with a Chinese subsidiary of the firm. Controls is a Chicago-based company which specializes in design of production of temperature control and filtration systems. Controls has already established operations in various parts of the world – Europe, Asia and South America. By investing in China, they are exploring the untapped Asian market, a key market with potential customers. Chong Ming Electro-Assembly is the company they are negotiating with in Shanghai. Despite the previous expansions of the US firm, the management has no experience working with Chinese firms before and they made a number of managerial mistakes that I am going to cover in this paper. But what the company did, was to negotiate an agreement with Chongming to jointly run a manufacturing plant on Chongming Dao island, north of Shangai. Controls sent James Randolf to co-manage the facility. J. Randolf was 51 years old at the time and had work in managerial positions in Engineering, Quality and Customer Support for 15 years. But what made him a perfect candidate for the position was that his wife was born in Shanghai. That made him the most culturally empathetic to his co-workers in the new facility. II. Preparation Prior to being sent to China, Randolf underwent an orientation training. There, points about his duties, obligations and assignments were discussed. The matter of payment was also settled, while his new position provided him with benefits such as convenient moving arrangements. Randolf then proceeded to visit the plant in Shanghai where he would be working for the next 3 years of his contract. Having committed to the assignment, he then received a supplemental orientation course which lasted 2 days. In this course he was supposed to become accustomed to the cultural differences of Chinese workers, to exchange information with other co-expatriates. All this supplemented with language learnings. Randolf then went on to work in the new facility for 13 months after which he was recalled to the home office by phone.

Case Study Of Precision Engineering Ltd Environmental Sciences Essay

The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1999 and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, 2002 Regulation, places a legal responsibility on employers to cut down the hazard to employees â€Å" so far as is moderately operable † from exposure to chemicals. It besides places a responsibility of attention to others who may be affected by any work activities-goods and services provided. A hazard appraisal if carried out right will place many control methods ; nevertheless it will besides sketch residuary factors which may still be harmful to wellness even with robust control steps in topographic point, farther controls may be required: Management controls: ( Training, Information ; Guidance ; Supervision ) : Technology controls ( Elimination ; Substitution ; Reduction ; Isolation ) . However farther controls ; an appropriate wellness surveillance government ( s ) may be required when indicated. Health surveillance will be necessary by agencies of an identified disease-adverse-health status. A condition-disease straight related to an employee by exposure to a particular-specific wellness hazard. Where a Hazard Assessment ( RA ) placing a â€Å" sensible likeliness † that it occurred as portion of their on the job conditions. And it can be established under known-valid techniques ( e.g. sampling/laboratory proving ) . Previous related cases of work related sick wellness conditions in similar industry. E.g. ( Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrence Regulations, 1995 ) , ( RIDDOR ) ( Health and Safety Executive ) , ( HSE stats ) . ( Insurance claims, benchmarking similar industries ) . Do we use/supply carcinogens ; solvent fume-vapour merchandises. Make our employees/individuals use ( Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992 ) , during their normal on the job activities. ( â€Å" HSE Health Surveillance at Work HSG61, HSE Preventing Asthma at Work † ) . Taken from: – ( The Health and Safety Executive Statistics 2010/11 ) . â€Å" The current estimation of the one-year figure of occupational malignant neoplastic disease deceases in Great Britain is around 8000. Around 15 % of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD ) including bronchitis and emphysema ) may be work related. This suggests there could be some 4000 ( COPD ) deceases each twelvemonth due to past occupational exposures to exhausts, chemicals and dusts † .4000 Number of Deaths.300025002000150040001982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010Death certifications Disablement benefitDirect EXSPOSURE MEASUREMENT SUERVEY METHODOLOGY:TRICHLOROETHYLENE & A ; TOLUENE.Regulation ( 10 ) ( COSHH, 2002 ) outlines the demand to supervise employee ‘s exposure to risky substances. One such technique is â€Å" Air Sampling † , ( EH40, 2005 2nd Edition 2011 ) , Workplace Exposure Limits. A substance given-assigned a specified ( W EL ) â€Å" is the maximal concentration of an airborne substance averaged over a referenced clip period, to which an person ( s ) may be exposed by inspiration † ) . ( COSHH, 2002 ) Regulation 7 ( 7 ) – ( degree Celsius ) ( â€Å" Exposure to Asthmagens & A ; Carcinogens † ) requires an employer to cut down exposure â€Å" so far as is sensible operable † . In our instance it will be necessary to transport out a methodological air trying programme as outlined by ( COSHH, 2002 ) , ordinance ( 10 ) . ( EH40, 2005 ) : outlines exposure ‘s to Trichloroethylene-Toluene as: – 100 ppm for 8hr long term exposure, 200 ppm for 15min short term exposure. Monitoring Procedure: To set up an exposure degree for both dissolvers a â€Å" Personal full-shift time-weighted-average ( TWA ) needs be established † . Monitoring must be arranged at the â€Å" external respiration zone † , the unit is normally worn on the lapel of the trial topic, the pump unit attached to an person ‘s belt, ( HSE, MDHS 70 ) . The chosen unit: a ( Casella Vortex IS ) , ( IS ) per se safe ( spark-ignition cogent evidence ) , â€Å" Mk 42 † , Class 1 to BS1259 point. This unit is industry recognised for its truth in bring forthing effectual consequences for â€Å" Personal-Dose † monitoring-measurement techniques and would be appropriately effectual in this instance. â€Å" Stainless steel † trying tubings are used integrating â€Å" SKC 226-357 sorbent tubing tenax † , infused with 250mg of sorbent lined activated wood coal, calibrated to pull air at a known rate between 0.5-3.5liters/min. Unit standardization will b e necessary, by ( â€Å" Field Rotameter † ) to find flow rates. Each individual is equipment with a device at the start of their displacement ; they ‘re instructed to transport out their day-to-day undertaking ( s ) , limited to the usage of solvent compounds in the preset countries. All breaks non-associated actions ; other activities are non calculated during the monitoring procedure, nevertheless will be recorded as portion of the exposure computations as ( 0 ) ratings. It will be necessary to supervise all employees as the work store country constitutes their primary location. The monitoring procedure should take around two hebdomads to finish as all six persons have to be assessed. However sampling readings are farther required for the chemical shop country. The operation has seven employees ; nevertheless one is the receptionist, one a director. Normally the monitoring procedure would be 1-5 ratio it would be prudent to include all five employees plus the director as portion of the monitoring programme. Current on the job times are: 8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 8am-12midday Saturday. ( EH40, 2005 2nd Edition 2011 ) . â€Å" Time increases may be split into several Sessionss for the intent of monitoring/sampling, taking history of remainder & A ; meal interruptions etc. E.g. â€Å" : Trichloroethylene-Toluene Working period Exposure ( mg.m-3 ) Duration of trying ( H ) 08:00-10:30 0.32 2.5 10:45-12:45 0.07 2 13:30-15:30 0.2 2 15:45-17:15 0.1 1.5 Exposure is calculated as ( 0 ) during the periods 10:30 to 10:45, 12:45 to 13:30 and 15:30 to 15:45. The 8-hour TWA = ( 0.32 x 2.5 ) + ( 0.07 x 2 ) + ( 0.20 x 2 ) + ( 0.10 x 1.5 ) + ( 0 x 1.25 ) 8 0.80 + 0.14 + 0.40 + 0.15 + 0 8 = 0.19 mg.m-3 Around 1-10 tubings will be used as â€Å" mention tubings † . The monitoring result ( s ) are really much dependant upon the sampling-analysis findings, nevertheless if past monitoring informations is believable, the debut of a Health Surveillance government may be necessary. Sampling analysis demands to be carried out by an independent beginning, a specialist research lab to find concentration values. The procedure used is: â€Å" Thermal Desorption † and â€Å" gas mass spectrum chromatography, ( GC-MS ) . ( GC-MS ) represents a quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure and library designation for each compound is extended. ( GC-MS ) is extremely recommended by industry for volatile chemical contaminations. The analysis process must be undertaken by a UKAS accredited installation. Inside the edifice are four countries:Outline Plan.Extractor FanChemical ShopMain WorkshopExtractor FanDoorRest RoomsDoorReception AreaDoorEngineering Process Controls.Pr eciseness Engineering Ltd has traditional used dissolvers in their metal degreasing and surface cleansing operations. The more common groups associated with this procedure are: chlorinated dissolver types such as: – Perchloroethylene, Dichloromethane ( Methylene Chloride ) trichloroethane and Toluene. Precision Engineering Ltd has preponderantly used Trichloroethylene ( CICH=CCI2 ) and Toluene ( C6H5CH3 ) as their preferable dissolver for operation use. The reclassification of Trichloroethylene ( ‘trike ‘ ) , to a class 2 carcinogen, ( European Union, 2001 ) , ( EU ) and comes under ( Risk Phase R45, R42 /43 ) , respiratory sensitiser's/mutagens ( Risk Phase R46 ) . Primary statute law covering these countries include: ( Chemicals Hazards Information and Packaging for Supply Regulations, 2009 ) ( CHIP4 ) . Further statute law is covered by: ( Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, 2002 ) , together with the ( Solvent Emissions Directive, 1999 ) , ( SED ) and is aimed at commanding ( VOCs ) volatile organic compounds, the intent of this study may be outside of the remit of ( SED, 1999 ) ordinances, but ( Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & A ; Restriction of Chemicals Regulations, 2009 ) , ( REACH ) , will hold an impact on the operations as we ‘re a down-stream client. Alternative adept advice may necessitate to be kind from the Local Council Environmental Department and perchance Governmental Environmental Agencies. All Category 1-2 carcinogens have specific demands under ( COSHH, 2002 ) : we must so see utilizing a hierarchy of control methodological analysis: See Substitution, the usage of lupus erythematosus ( VOC ) in the operation ; where ‘reasonably operable ‘ . If non ‘reasonably operable ‘ Full or partial Enclosure of the metal degreasing process, costs associated with a decrease in stuffs may finance the enclosure outgo. Using a lupus erythematosus ( VOC ) may significantly impact statute law ( SED, 1999 ) . Using the ( HSE, ENG information Sheet 40 ) , a to the full designed ; constructed ; operated and right maintained degreasing procedure can be maintained at exposure degrees of 20 ppm and below. Further considerations ( HSE, ENG information Sheet 40 ) , outline the demand to be after for waste direction processs ; sums of chemical ingestion, its storage ; its disposal by Who and How?HIERARCHY of CONTROL.The practicalities of Elimination at this occasion are limited ; nevertheless careful consideration to alternate methods through Substitution should be looked at traveling frontward. Alternate replacements may include Aqueous and semi-Aqueous cleansing stuffs, careful consideration-advice from the provider should be obtaine d prior to any permutation. Any mechanical ; works or chemical alterations would necessitate a new ( COSHH, 2002 ) ( RA ) as the company presently employs more than five employees. Details-records of any important alterations are required under ( COSHH, 2002 ) ; this includes active engagement during the reappraisal procedure by employees, including any relevant information ; preparation and communicating feedback. Substituting current dissolvers may present other important dangers which will necessitate farther rating. Many organic dissolvers are flammable highly-flammable in their belongingss. E.g. If an organic dissolver has a Flash Point of 32oc or less, we will hold to do commissariats in order to run into the ( â€Å" Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations, 2005 † ) , ( DSEAR ) . However higher-flashpoint dissolvers do non co-inside with the ordinances, but provisions-controls will still use. Specific counsel is available for flammable chemicals-liquids, ( i.e. Safe Use and Handling of Flammable Liquids ; HSG140 † ) ,SOLVENT REDUCTION.The local ( HSE ) or Fire & A ; Rescue Authority purely enforce fire safety ; fire safeguards, under the ( Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 ) , the ( Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1999 ) and ( â€Å" Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations, 2005 † ) , ( DSEAR ) . Chemical storage-containment is paramount. However so are the measures and differing types of chemicals, as they pr esent a important Fire jeopardy every bit good as holding a damaging consequence on the environment if released? An enclosed system attack could cut down the measures on site: – ( capital outgo out-lay, nest eggs ) , making instant fiscal inducements. One major jeopardy that needs immediate attending, the vas containers in which the chemicals are stored are unsuitable in type, constructed from Plastic, for our intents we require metal containment storage units as per-manufacture-industry counsel.SOLVENT ISOLATION.Guaranting the chemicals-solvents are contained within a individual designated country: ( Chemical room ) . Access to the room is non controlled ; a locked door policy needs to be brought in along with a sign-in-sign-out policy along with measures, ( telling fiscal control ) . Adoption of rigorous control policy will besides cut down the contact exposure to our employees. Where ‘reasonable operable ‘ the usage of an enclosed methods should be evaluated. Serious consideration for the usage of an ( LEV ) system for the chemical shop room should be considered. However the fact that the chief workshop country has TWO mechanical extraction fans inoperable, may hold contributed to the historical high exposure degrees as indicated. E.g. An extraction rate for the chemical shop room of: – 640-915m3/hr per M2 surface working-area is extremely recommended.( PPE Regulations, 1992 ) , Personal Protective Equipment.Merely used as a last resort, the ( COSHH Regulations, 2002 ) ( Fifth Edition ) in con-junction with ( PPE Regulations, 2002 ) lineation that equipment must conform to specific demands for its usage. More specific demands outline the usage of ( RPE ) , respiratory protective equipment, ( Organic Vapour Masks ) , if a ( RA ) has indicated the demand. Its usage requires specialist preparation: â€Å" fit trial † .METAL WORKING FL UIDS ( MWF WET-WORK )Normally associated with engineering-manufacturing and used as a coolant ; normally referred to as â€Å" slurry ; soup or white H2O † . Coolant ‘s can be grouped into 4-classes: ( â€Å" straight oil ; soluble oil ; synthetics ; semi-synthetics † ) . Associated health-effects exposure paths: aerosol breathing-airway and dermal-contact, local effects.Monitoring and CONTROL STRATEGIES.An ( IOM ) â€Å" SKC-225-70A, Institute of Occupational Medicine ( inhalable dust ) sampling station monitoring scheme would be an effectual option for measuring contact exposure. Personal exposure bounds for oil mist: 5mg/m-3 8hr ( TWA ) ; 10mg/m-3 ( STEL ) . The unit can be set-up to mensurate atom affair concentration from 1A µgm-3. The units rule map is to pull a volume of air onto a aggregation substrate-filter, dust mass is collected and is determined by weighing the substrate prior-after sampling. The ( IOM ) unit requires a pump unit with an air-flow rate of 2.0 A ± 0.1 litre/min across the sampling clip period and has a trying â€Å" prejudice of less than A ±5 % to BS EN481 specification. Personal monitoring, the unit is attached to the person at the â€Å" external respiration zone † , the pump is connected by a tubing placed on a harness ; belt ; normally the sampling station is placed at the take a breathing zone ( 30cm ) from the oral cavity. Therefore the unit is mounted on the upper-chest, collar-bone country. Unit standardization is required a flow-rate 0.1 litre/min measured against a primary criterion ( bubble flow metre ) as they ‘re readings do non necessitate pressure-temperature standardization, traceable to â€Å" national criterions † ( MDHS14 ) . Personal monitoring ; the person is equipment with ( IOM ) device at the start of their displacement ; they ‘re instructed to transport out their day-to-day undertaking ( s ) , limited to the usage of ( MWF ) in the preset countries. All breaks non-associated actions ; other activities are non calculated during the monitoring procedure, nevertheless will be recorded as portion of the exposure computations as ( 0 ) ratings. A full displacement exposure is recorded ; samples are collected, stray so packed-stored to avoid taint. Largely dependent on the Numberss involved with the ( MWF ) procedure, the monitoring will take 4-5 yearss. The ( IOM ) unit uses a cassette trying device which is sealed after usage. â€Å" A process utilizing gravimetric-chemical analysis for entire inhalable particulates ( TIP ) affecting solvent extraction utilizing hexane and dimethyl sulphoxide followed by analysis utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy ( GC-MS ) † under laboratory con ditions.CONTROL STRATEGY.Hierarchy of controlThe Elimination of ( MWF ) at this occasion is limited: However Substitution of high solute-oil content could be considered by utilizing water-mixed fluids, nevertheless if technology controls are applied exposure degrees can be maintained below 5mg/m-3 8hr ( TWA ) ; 10mg/m-3 ( STEL ) if suited and sufficient processs are implemented/maintained.Technology CONTROLS.The age of the machine, guarantee that all Planned, Routine, Statutory, care governments are carried out, ( Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations, 1998 ) . The usage of any Enclosures, Local fumes Ventilation ( LEV ) : 640-915m-3/hr per m-2 surface working-area, splash guarding must be enforced if fitted. The distance of the operator to the machine has an impact. Particular accent on machine oil flow rates ( splash-back ) , air cleaning/drying methods require monitoring. Increasing Fresh-Air and diminishing recirculation of General Ventilation systems. If air-flow is b lown onto the machine an person is likely to be exposed to increased degrees of contaminations. Sum fluids, the remotion of â€Å" swarf-fines † from the mixture, debut of filters ( e.g. mesh-drum, or magnetic filter type ) as differing procedures may be carried out on the unit, ( grinding-turning-milling etc. ) . Evidence shows that the presence of mulcts in mineral oils interferes with the public presentation of a machine and is a â€Å" factor taking to dermatitis † . ( MWF ) suppliers-industry criterions outline taint degrees for swarf-fines over 100 ppm for fluid ( Neat oil ) public presentation is regarded as grossly contaminated. ( COSHH, 2002 ) ordinance 7.7 ( a ) agenda 2A lineations regular amount cheques for bacterial-endotoxin taint as portion of a hebdomadal cheque government. An upper bound of 106 CFU/ml is recommended and consideration on unstable direction demands to be implemented. Additives such as ( biocide ) can be used to top-up degrees ; nevertheless both â€Å" replenishment-replacement † may impact bacteriological water-mix contents and a hebdomadal PH trial should be carried out. Exposure Assessment Document EH74/4 ( MWFs ) ( HSE, 2000 ) , unstable strength if incorrect, ( industries specified tolerances ) has a double consequence: Lowered machine public presentation. Increased inhalation-dermal exposure, bacterial-fungal taint.MANAGEMENT CONTORLS.( Personal Protective Equipment Regulations, 1992 ) , Workplace ( Health, Safety and public assistance ) Regulations, ( 1992 )( HSE, 2012 ) â€Å" Provide 0.4 millimeter nitrile baseball mitts to BS EN 374 criterion. These protect for up to eight hours merely. These baseball mitts are usually thin plenty to supply sleight. Supply thicker baseball mitts to BS EN 374 and BS EN 388 criterions to protect against scratchs and crisp borders † when cleaning â€Å" amounts † . â€Å" Provide oculus protection to BS EN 166 criterion where there is a hazard of sprinkling. Provide overalls and do certain forearms are covered † . However there is an entanglement menace, so utmost cautiousness is required when utilizing baseball mitts for machine use. The usage of a Permit to work system is necessary for amount cleansing. Ensure there are suited â€Å" personal decontamination † processs for workers ; guarantee ( PPE ) has been exhaustively cleaned before farther usage. A rigorous NO ‘oily rags ‘ policy ( pockets ) as portion of preparation, supervising methods. The usage of pre-after work enrolment-emulsifier picks as a tegument attention government needs to be enforced. The proviso of showers demands to be addressed, particularly anterior to the ingestion nutrient cut downing taint by consumption.HEALTH SURVEILLANCE STRATEGIES:TRICHLOROETHYLENE-TOLUENE & A ; ( MWF ) .TRICHLOROETHYLENE & A ; TOLUENEAnnual or periodic medical screening/or biological-biological consequence monitoring. Baseline appraisal needs to be carried out for oculus map ; skin upsets ; liver-kidney map ; cardiovascular-nervous system, respiratory maps including Spirometry trials. This can be done as portion of a new employment government, or when persons are moved in to a new environment or occupation undertakin g. Toluene can besides impact hearing, impact vision ; color loss with perennial exposure, Toluene is besides toxic for reproduction. Self-checks, developing to recognize marks of illness facets such giddiness, lethargy demand to be reported instantly. A questionnaire turn toing smoking & A ; imbibing should be distributed ; the effects-interactions between Trichloroethylene & A ; Toluene exposure in the workplace and societal confounders should besides be addressed by company wellness professional as an intercession scheme.MWF DERAMAL EXAMINATIONS.Skin scrutinies are preponderantly used to place tegument upsets, ( occupational nurse-hygienist ) . Generally ocular scrutinies of the tegument for dermatitis are carried out, ( Hands, forearms, lower-legs ) but a questionnaire can be used to supplement the procedure. Health-surveillance is usually assessed yearly or every six-months if required. An appropriate control scheme ; baseline comparing: ( within six hebdomads of employment ) should be carried out.MWF RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS.MWF increases the hazard of developing: ( Asthma ; Bronchitis & A ; respiratory piece of land ) external respiration issues. Lung map Spirometry trials can be arranged if indicated by a wellness appraisal. An one-year questionnaire on external respiration can be issued, nevertheless relentless symptoms should be reported: ( supervisor, occupational nurse etc. ) . An appropriate control scheme ; baseline comparing: ( within six hebdomads of employment Lung map trial ) . Further controls can be arranged ; ( e.g. allergy-blood trials, chest X raies, or a more comprehensive Methacholine challenge trial ) . Generally wellness surveillance records are kept for the continuance of the person ‘s employment. However some ordinances ( Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, 1999 ) , ( COSHH, 2002 ) , outline records are kept for up to ( 50 old ages ) . An person may bespeak a transcript of their wellness surveillance records if they leave the company, ( informations protection act, 2000 ) . An employer ‘s responsibility of attention does non stop with wellness surveillance, it is non adequate that examinations-questionnaires are issued. Any feedback-data must be analysed and farther appropriate control schemes must be considered and addressed, where necessary employees may hold to be assigned other responsibilities. The positive facets of wellness surveillance may non ever be evident by all. By affecting employees at all phases dispels concerns that any reported symptoms are concealed, but how the programme can be evaluated and improved.APPENDIX 1 EMPLOYEE COMPLAINT SUMMARYCOMPLAINT 1Staff are kicking of giddiness, lassitude and some minor ocular damage. These symptoms occur when they enter the chemical shop and when they use the dissolvers provided, in the workshop country. The symptoms occur on most yearss. Following treatments with the Occupational Hygienist, it is their sentiment that the symptoms in the workshop are about certain to originate from exposure to Trichloroethylene vapor in the air although the consequence of Toluene has non been estimated. Historical monitoring records, carried out utilizing index tubings, show that degrees of trichloroethane between 300 to 400 ppm have been identified during the old twelvemonth, although monitoring was stopped due to staff deficits. Management are non nevertheless confident about the truth of these consequences and no measuring of methylbenzene has been attempted.COMPLAINT 2One of the employees has raised concerns sing the possible wellness effects originating from exposures to Metal Working Fluids ( MWF ) at the premises. He has seen on the cyberspace that ( MWF ) can do respiratory and Skin jobs.Carry out Baseline Qualitative Exposure SurveyDo initial exposure studies show that exposure a degree are good below ( OELs ) and is at that place a likeliness that they will stay so? Supply justification-evidence for your reply.Document study and record monitoring findingsDoes the elaborate exposure study show that exposures are good below permitted ( OELs ) degrees?Ensure a to the full validated statistical sampling and appraisal methodological analysis has been employed?Is everyday exposure supervising techniques required?Supply justification-evidence for your reply.Transport out or go onEveryday Exposure Monitoring.Has everyday exposure supervising shown exposures to be above permitted ( OELs ) ? APPENDIX 2 DIRECT EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT SERVEY METHODOLOGY.Make the initial exposure studies indicate that exposure degrees are above or potentially above recommended personal exposure bounds ( OELs ) ?YesNoCarry out a Detailed Quantitative Exposure Survey No or Not CertainDoes the elaborate exposure study show that exposures are above permitted ( OELs ) degrees?Ensure a to the full validated statistical sampling and appraisa l methodological analysis has been employed?YesNoYesNo or Not CertainNoYesYesHas everyday exposure supervising shown that exposure degrees are good below OELs and is it likeliness to stay so?Supply justification-evidence for your reply.NoNoIs there a demand or demand to go on routine/periodic exposure monitoring?Supply justification-evidence for your reply. YesYesNoDevelop or amend the Risk Control PlanFeed into Health ( RA ) or reexamine bing controls.Clearly place any Employees exposed by the jeopardies.Identify exposed procedures, tasks-areas where jeopardy exposure could happenInitial Identification of jeopardy ( s ) and their harmful effects to wellness.Baseline COSHH Health ( RA )Review all operating Area processes, including procedure flow by physical review of the Area ( s ) /site.APPENDIX 3 COSHH HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FLOW CHARTAssess-measure or corroborate the exposure.Analyse the effectivity of bing hazard control steps.Continuous COSHH Health ( RA )Review-Amend if requi red, or earlier if alterations to procedures or new developments occur or are proposed.Analyse any possible wellness hazard ( s ) of the risky exposure.Prioritize the wellness hazard ( s ) consequently( High, Medium, Low ) .Concept a hazard registry & A ; set precedences for action.Develop, implement & A ; monitor a Hazard Control Action Plan orReview current-existing Risk Control Action Plan ( s ) .LOW MEDIUM & A ;RISKS CRITICAL RISKSContinuous COSHH Health ( RA )Manage as portion of the uninterrupted betterment procedure within the overall COSHH-health hazard action/management system and through bing set ( s ) of control steps, where nowadays.Issues Based or Targeted COSHH ( HRA )Quantitatively assess exposure ( s ) utilizing validated statistical trying techniques and assessment methodological analysis, every bit good as measuring whether proposed or bing control steps are equal and appropriate to command wellness hazard ( s ) to below in agreement criterions e.g. occupational ex posure bounds ( OELs ) .Amend bing Risk Control Action Plan, use alternate and/or extra control steps when required.Maintain accurate-detailed and systematic COSHH wellness ( RAs )APPENDIX 4 MWF QUESTIONNAIREDermatitis QuestionnaireQ1 Name Q2 Date of birth Q3 Sex of topic Male Female Q4 Job rubric Q5 Production country ( s ) and machine figure Q6 In the past 12 months have you had any of the following symptoms? No Yes Redness & A ; swelling of custodies or fingers Crack of tegument on custodies or finger Blisters on custodies or fingers Flaking or grading of tegument on hands/fingers Itch of fingers/hands, with clefts or splits Musca volitanss, inflammation or puffiness of any other portion of your organic structure? Q7 Did any of these jobs last for more than three hebdomads? No Yes Q8 Did any of these jobs occur more than one time? No Yes Q9 Does your tegument acquire better with periods off work? No Yes Q10 What are the chief types of oils or coolants that you work with? Q11 Do you use H2O immune baseball mitts while managing cutting oils or constituents covered with oil? No Go to Q13 Yes Not applicable Go to Q13 Q12 If yes, do you besides wear cotton line drive baseball mitts? No Yes Q13 Do you wear barrier picks or other manus attention merchandises? No Name Yes Q14 How do you clean your custodies at work and how frequently? Q15 Do you/ hold you of all time suffered from eczema or psoriasis? No YesTHANKS FOR TAKING TIME TO COMPLETE THIS QUESTIONNAIRE